Search results for "Total dissolved solids"

showing 10 items of 20 documents

Enhanced high-quality biomethane production from anaerobic digestion of primary sludge by corn stover biochar

2020

Abstract This study conducted batch and continuous tests to reveal the feasibility of corn stover biochar on improving anaerobic digestion of primary sludge (PS). Dosing biochar (1.82, 2.55 and 3.06 g/g Total Solids (TS)) in digester improved methane content increasing from 67.5% to 81.3–87.3% and enhanced methane production by 8.6–17.8%. Model analysis indicated that biochar accelerated PS hydrolysis and enhanced methane potential of PS. The mechanistic studies showed that biochar enhanced process stability provided by strong buffering capacity and alleviated NH3 inhibition. In continuous test over 116 days, the volatile solids (VS) destruction in the biochar-dosed digester increased by 14…

0106 biological sciencesEnvironmental EngineeringBioengineering010501 environmental sciences7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesMethanechemistry.chemical_compoundHydrolysisPrimary sludgeBiogasVolatile solids destruction010608 biotechnologyAnaerobic digestionBiocharWaste Management and Disposal0105 earth and related environmental sciencesSettore ICAR/03 - Ingegneria Sanitaria-AmbientaleRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentChemistryGeneral MedicineTotal dissolved solidsPulp and paper industry6. Clean waterAnaerobic digestionBiocharCorn stover13. Climate actionDigestateMethaneBiotechnology

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The effects of different combinations of fixed and moving bed bioreactors on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and health, water quality and…

2019

Abstract The effect of bioreactor design on nitrification efficiency has been well studied, but less is known about the overall impacts on water quality. Besides nitrification, submerged fixed bed bioreactors (FBBR) trap fine solid particles, whereas moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) grind solids, possibly increasing solids and particle accumulation in the system. In this experiment, the effects of different combinations of fixed bed and moving bed bioreactors on water quality, solids removal, particle size distribution, fish health based on histopathological changes and nitrification efficiency were studied in laboratory scale recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with rainbow trout (Oncorhy…

0106 biological sciencesbiofiltrationwater quality monitoringnitrifikaatioAquatic Science01 natural scienceslaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundlawBioreactorparticle size distributionNitritevesiviljely (kalatalous)Filtrationta218ta415010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyta1183technology industry and agriculture04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesPulp and paper industryTotal dissolved solidsvedenlaatuFilter (aquarium)taudinaiheuttajatchemistrybioreaktoritBiofilter040102 fisherieshistopathology0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesNitrificationWater qualitysuodatusAquacultural Engineering

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Thermomineral waters of Greece: geochemical characterization

2020

75 °C). In terms of pH most results vary from 5.5 to 823 °C) ii) warm (23 40 °C) iii) thermal (40 75 °C) and iv) hyperthermal (&gtfew springs show either very low pH (&lt10) proposing serpentinization processes. Regarding TDS concentrations collected waters can be subdivided into low salinity (up to 1.5 g/L) brackish (up to 20 g/L) and saline (up to 43 g/L). The medium high salinities can be justified by mixing with sea water and/or strong waterrock interaction processes. Isotope composition of O and H ranges from 12.7 to +2.7 ‰ SMOW and from 91 to +12 ‰ SMOW respectively and is generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Only few water samples show a positive shift for δ18O possibly related to high temperature waterrock interaction processes. Carbon dioxide (18 997000 μmol/mol) or N2 (1100 989000 μmol/mol) or CH4 (&ltMany geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by Miocene or Quaternary volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Moreover the majority of them is found along the coast as well as in islands of the Aegean Sea and thus thermal water is often brackish to saline due to marine intrusion into costal aquifer. In the present study almost 300 thermal and cold mineral water samples were collected along the Hellenic territory with their physicochemical parameters (temperature pH electrical conductivity and Eh) and the amount of bicarbonates (titration with 0.1N HCl) being determined in situ. Additionally gases found either in free or dissolved phase were sampled. Both water and gas samples were analysed at the INGVPa laboratories for major ions (Ion Chromatography) silica (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) chemical composition of free and dissolved gases (Gas Chromatography) water isotopes (O and H) and carbon and helium isotopes of free and dissolved gases (Mass Spectrometry). The temperature of the investigated waters ranges from 6.5 to 98°C pH from 1.96 to 11.98 whilst Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 0.06 to 43 g/L. Based on the temperature parameter waters can be divided into four groups: i) cold (&lt0.5 913000 μmol/mol) are the prevailing gas species found in the studied sites. The δ13CCO2 values ranged from 20.1 to +8.5 ‰ whilst the isotope ratio of He from 0.21 to 6.71 R/RA.4) suggesting interaction with H2Srich gases or very high pH values (&gtSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologia

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Cassava starch processing at small scale in North Vietnam

2008

International audience; In Northern Vietnam, small-scale cassava starch processing is conducted in densely populated craft villages, where processors face difficulties to expand their activities. Three different processing systems were studied among a cluster of three communes in the Red River Delta, producing up to 430 t of starch (at 55% dry matter) per day. The first system, type A, is a cylindrical rasper and a manual sieve, the second, type B, is a cylindrical rasper and stirring-filtering machine and the third, type C, used equipment for both the rasping and filtering stages. Moisture, starch, crude fibers and ash content analysis were carried out on samples collected from the A-B-C m…

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Kondisi Fisika Kimia Air Sungai Yang Bermuara di Teluk Sawaibu Kabupaten Manokwari

2017

This research was conducted in three small rivers (Momo, Sahara and Konto), which empties into the Gulf Sawaibu Manokwari District. Water sampling for the third observation station made for the measurement of physical parameters such as temperature, TDS, TSS and turbidity, and chemical parameters pH, DO, COD, BOD, nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4) and Ammonia. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical quality of the river water chemistry research sites, and compared with water quality standards based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on water quality management and water pollution control. The results of measurements of physical and chemical parameters is the temperature ra…

Biochemical oxygen demandchemistry.chemical_compoundNitrateChemistryEnvironmental chemistryChemical oxygen demandWater qualityTurbidityWater pollutionTotal dissolved solidsTotal suspended solidsJURNAL SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK INDOPASIFIK

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Empirical calibration of shell chemistry of Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850) (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

2012

Abstract Cyprideis torosa is a species of ostracode that inhabits a wide range of aquatic habitats in which its low Alk/Ca requirement is met. Its fossil remains are widely used in palaeoecological studies of coastal environments and inland salt lakes. We collected C. torosa from 20 water bodies near Valencia, Spain. Temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, electrical conductivity, and the concentration of major ions and oxygen isotopes were measured at each site. Between 2 and 20 live individuals of C. torosa were collected per site, their instar stage and sex determined and their shell chemistry (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and carbon and oxygen isotope composition) analyzed. Three of these sites were …

CalciteChlorophyll abiologyδ18OAquatic ecosystemMineralogyTotal dissolved solidsbiology.organism_classificationCrustaceanChlorideIsotopes of oxygenchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryGeochemistry and PetrologyEnvironmental chemistrymedicinemedicine.drugGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Sicilian bottled natural waters: Major and trace inorganic components

2013

Sixteen bottled waters of various Sicilian brands, 11 natural mineral waters and five normal drinking waters, were analyzed for major and trace inorganic components by ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The bottled waters represent a variety of water types with significantly different compositions in terms of salinity, major components and trace elements. Chemically, they range from Ca–HCO3 and Ca–SO4 to Na–HCO3 types. Total dissolved solids ranges from 54 to 433 mg/L, total hardness from 25 to 238 mg/L CaCO3, and measured Na content from 5.7 to 57 mg/L. According to total dissolved ions, all the bottled waters were classified as…

ChemistryIon chromatographyBottled waterMass spectrometryTotal dissolved solidsPollutionSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiaSalinityNutrientGeochemistry and PetrologyEnvironmental chemistryEnvironmental ChemistryWater qualitybottled natural waters major and trace elements municipal watersChemical compositionApplied Geochemistry

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Comparison of thermal stratification, light attenuation and Chlorophyll-a dynamics between the ends of Lake Tanganyika

2002

Thermal structure, light attenuation, and chlorophyll-a dynamics within the upper 100 m at the northern and southern ends of Lake Tanganyika were measured from August 1995–July 1996. Pronounced variability of thermal structure in time, depth and region were observed. During the dry windy season (June–September), the water column in the south was largely isothermal down to 100 m, while in the north stratification was detectable. Subsequently, in October, cessation of winds coincided with a reestablishment and strengthening of thermal stratification in the south, and a distinct rise of a weakened thermocline in the north was accompanied by an increase in epilimnetic concentrations of dissolve…

Chlorophyll aAquatic Ecology and Water Quality ManagementWIMEKEcologyStratification (water)Thermal stabilityManagement Monitoring Policy and LawAquatic ScienceAquatische Ecologie en WaterkwaliteitsbeheerTotal dissolved solidschemistry.chemical_compoundWater columnOceanographychemistryDeep chlorophyllMixingChlorophyllTropical LakesRadiancePhotic zonePARThermoclineGeologyAquatic Ecosystem Health and Management

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Detailed internal characterisation of two Finnish landfills by waste sampling

2006

The aim of this study was to characterise the internal structure and composition of landfilled waste at two Finnish landfills to provide information for active and post-landfill operations. The two sites, Ammässuo and Kujala, have been in operation for 17 and 48 years, respectively. Waste was sampled (total 68 samples) and analysed for total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biological methane potential (BMP) and leaching of organic material (determined as chemical oxygen demand, COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)-N). The results showed high vertical and horizontal variability, which indicated that both the waste composition and state of degradation varied gre…

Conservation of Natural ResourcesTime FactorsChemical oxygen demandEnvironmental engineeringchemistry.chemical_elementTotal dissolved solidsNitrogenRefuse Disposalchemistry.chemical_compoundAnimal sciencechemistryDry weightAmmoniumComposition (visual arts)Leaching (agriculture)Waste Management and DisposalKjeldahl methodFinlandEnvironmental MonitoringWaste Management

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Mesophilic co-digestion of dairy manure and lipid rich solid slaughterhouse wastes: process efficiency, limitations and floating granules formation.

2014

Lipid and protein rich solid slaughterhouse wastes are attractive co-substrates to increase volumetric biogas production in co-digestion with dairy manure. Addition of decanter sludge (DS), containing 42.2% of lipids and 35.8% of proteins (total solids basis), up to 5% of feed mixture resulted in a stable process without any indication of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) or free ammonia (NH3) inhibition and in 3.5-fold increase of volumetric biogas production. Contrary, only lipids addition as technical fat (TF) at over 2% of feed mixture resulted in formation of floating granules (FG) and process efficiency decrease. Formed FG had low biodegradability and its organic part was composed of lipi…

Environmental EngineeringChromatography GasBioengineeringAmmoniachemistry.chemical_compoundBacteria AnaerobicBiogasBioenergyAnimalsFood scienceWaste Management and DisposalWaste ProductsWaste managementRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentFatty AcidsSpectrometry X-Ray EmissionAgricultureGeneral MedicineBiodegradationTotal dissolved solidsLipid MetabolismManureManureAnaerobic digestionchemistryBiofuelslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)CalciumCattleFemaleMethaneAbattoirsMesophileBioresource technology

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